Which item is not part of Watson's carative factors?

Which item is not part of Watson's carative factors?

• A. Forming humanistic-altruistic value system
• B. Instilling faith-hope
• C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others
• D. Strengthening flexible lines of defense

Answer: (D)

Watson's carative factors describe nursing as a caring, therapeutic discipline built on interpersonal connection and moral commitment. They include forming a humanistic-altruistic value system, instilling faith-hope, and cultivating sensitivity to self and others, all within a trusting nurse–patient relationship that welcomes the patient’s feelings and addresses existential concerns. The notion of strengthening flexible lines of defense comes from Neuman's systems model, not Watson's theory. Therefore, that item is not part of Watson's carative factors.

Watson's carative factors describe nursing as a caring, therapeutic discipline built on interpersonal connection and moral commitment. They include forming a humanistic-altruistic value system, instilling faith-hope, and cultivating sensitivity to self and others, all within a trusting nurse–patient relationship that welcomes the patient’s feelings and addresses existential concerns. The notion of strengthening flexible lines of defense comes from Neuman's systems model, not Watson's theory. Therefore, that item is not part of Watson's carative factors.